Science
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Science
Intermediate
Bio Test
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TERM
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DEFINITION
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1
TERM
Main stages of the cell cycle
DEFINITION
Interphase (cell growth and DNA replication), mitosis (nuclear division), and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division)
2
TERM
What happens during interphase
DEFINITION
Cell grows, performs normal metabolic functions, and duplicates its DNA in preparation for division
3
TERM
Four phases of mitosis
DEFINITION
Prophase (chromosomes condense), metaphase (chromosomes align), anaphase (chromosomes separate), telophase (nuclei reform)
4
TERM
Purpose of mitosis
DEFINITION
To produce two genetically identical daughter cells for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction
5
TERM
What happens during cytokinesis
DEFINITION
The cytoplasm divides, forming two separate daughter cells after nuclear division is complete
6
TERM
Importance of DNA replication before mitosis
DEFINITION
Ensures each new daughter cell receives a complete and identical set of genetic information
7
TERM
What is cancer
DEFINITION
Uncontrolled cell division and growth caused by mutations in DNA that disrupt normal cell cycle regulation
8
TERM
What is a tumor
DEFINITION
A mass of abnormal cells that divide and grow uncontrollably, forming a lump or growth
9
TERM
Benign vs malignant tumors
DEFINITION
Benign tumors remain localized and don't spread; malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and can metastasize (cancerous)
10
TERM
Causes of cancer
DEFINITION
Radiation exposure, tobacco smoking, chemical carcinogens, genetic mutations, and certain viruses
11
TERM
Four main types of animal tissue
DEFINITION
Epithelial (covering), connective (support), muscle (movement), and nervous (signaling) tissues
12
TERM
Function of epithelial tissue
DEFINITION
Covers and protects body surfaces, lines organs and cavities, and facilitates absorption and secretion
13
TERM
Function of connective tissue
DEFINITION
Supports, connects, and protects other tissues and organs; includes bone, blood, cartilage, and fat
14
TERM
Function of muscle tissue
DEFINITION
Contracts to produce movement, maintain posture, and generate heat through cellular contraction
15
TERM
Function of nervous tissue
DEFINITION
Sends, receives, and processes electrical signals to coordinate body functions and respond to stimuli
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