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Intermediate
CMSC 421 Operating system
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Interactive
TERM
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DEFINITION
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1
TERM
Process
DEFINITION
A program in execution, along with the state that goes with it. Current activity is represented by the program counter and the contents of the processor's registers. (3.1)
2
TERM
Program vs. Process
DEFINITION
A program is a passive entity, a file of instructions on disk. A process is an active entity with a program counter and a set of associated resources. A program becomes a process when loaded into memory. (3.1.1)
3
TERM
Text section
DEFINITION
The executable code. Fixed in size during run time. (3.1.1)
4
TERM
Data section
DEFINITION
Global variables. Fixed in size during run time. (3.1.1)
5
TERM
Heap section
DEFINITION
Memory allocated dynamically at run time. Grows when memory is allocated, shrinks when returned to the system. (3.1.1)
6
TERM
Stack section
DEFINITION
Temporary data tied to function calls: parameters, return addresses, and local variables. Grows and shrinks as functions are called and return. (3.1.1)
7
TERM
Fixed vs. dynamic sections
DEFINITION
Text and data are fixed in size. Stack and heap grow and shrink dynamically. They grow toward one another and the OS must ensure they never overlap. (3.1.1)
8
TERM
Stack vs. Stack Frame
DEFINITION
The stack is the entire memory region. A stack frame, also called an activation record, is one entry pushed per function call holding that call's parameters, local variables, and return address. (3.1.1)
9
TERM
Activation record
DEFINITION
Another name for a stack frame. Pushed onto the stack on a function call, popped when control returns. (3.1.1)
10
TERM
Two processes, same program
DEFINITION
They are separate execution sequences. Text sections are equivalent, but data, heap, and stack sections vary. (3.1.1)
11
TERM
New (state)
DEFINITION
The process is being created. (3.1.2)
12
TERM
Ready (state)
DEFINITION
The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor. It can run immediately if a CPU frees up. (3.1.2)
13
TERM
Running (state)
DEFINITION
Instructions are being executed. Only one process per core at a time. (3.1.2)
14
TERM
Waiting (state)
DEFINITION
The process is waiting for an event to occur, such as I/O completion or reception of a signal. It cannot run even if a CPU is free. (3.1.2)
15
TERM
Terminated (state)
DEFINITION
The process has finished execution and its resources are being reclaimed. (3.1.2)
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